Pulmonology is branch of medicine which is concerned with study of various disease and disorders involving lung and respiratory tract. Pulmonologists are doctors, who specialized in diagnosis and management of diseases affecting lungs and respiratory tract. Lungs are one of the most important and vital organ in body. Every time we breathe in, we inhale fresh air and exhale carbon dioxide waste. In this process lung is continuously exposed to various noxious gases, particle and infectious agents. Because of this lungs are at risk of various allergic and infectious disease and disorder. Modern life style has led to the ever increasing air pollution which further aggravates the risk of pulmonary diseases. In developing country like India, unfortunately more and more people are smoking tobacco in one or other form and this has led to the rising incident of lung cancer and COPD in India. Pulmonologist specialized in treatment of various lung disorders. This includes airway disorder such as Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis, parenchymal disorder such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung abcess, interstitial lung diseases, Pleural disorder such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, empyema, pulmonary vascular disorder such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism and neoplastic disorder such as lung cancer, malignant effusion. Pulmonologist are also trained in management of critically ill patients who are suffering with life threatening disorder such as acute respiratory failure, ARDS and patients who require mechanical ventilation.